Fyuluta ya compressor ya mpweya: zoteteza zosaoneka zomwe zimateteza mpweya wopanikizika komanso thanzi la zida

Mu makina opopera mpweya omwe amagunda, fyuluta ya mpweya, fyuluta ya mafuta, fyuluta yolekanitsa mafuta ndi gasi ndi zinthu zina zili ngati zotetezera zolondola komanso zodekha. Ngakhale kuti sizitenga nawo mbali mwachindunji pantchito yopopera mpweya, zimatsimikiza bwino kuyera kwa mpweya wopopera, nthawi yodalirika yogwirira ntchito ya chipangizocho komanso mtundu wa chinthu chomaliza. Pamene mita iliyonse ya mpweya yapopera mpweya mwamphamvu, fumbi, nthunzi ya madzi, utsi wa mafuta ndi zinthu zina zodetsa zomwe zimasungidwa mmenemo zimakhalanso zodzaza kwambiri nthawi imodzi. Ngati palibe kuletsa ndi kuyeretsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Zinthu Zosefera, zinyalala zimenezi zidzakhala "zowononga" komanso "zowononga" mkati mwa zida, kuwononga zinthu zolondola mwakachetechete, kutseka ma circuits a pneumatic, ndikuipitsa zinthu zomaliza, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zichepe kwambiri komanso ndalama zokonzera ziwonjezeke. Ndiye, kodi ntchito yaikulu ya zinthu zosakaniza izi zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwakachetechete imatenga ndi iti? Kodi ndi maziko ati asayansi omwe tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito poweruza nthawi yawo yopuma pantchito? Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsani njira yogwirira ntchito ndi malamulo osamalira zinthu zosakaniza za mpweya wa compressor.

1. Udindo waukulu wa chinthu chosefera: kupanga mzere wodzitetezera woyeretsera wa magawo ambiri

Chosefera cha air compressor si chinthu chimodzi chokha, koma ndi njira yosefera yogwirizana yomwe imaletsa zoipitsa zosiyanasiyana molondola:

Zosefera za Mpweya: Cholepheretsa choyamba cha chilengedwe. Monga "chigoba" cha compressor, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikutseka tinthu tolimba (fumbi, mungu, ndi zina zotero) mu mpweya wopumira. Zipangizo zosefera zogwira ntchito bwino (monga ulusi wa gradient wambiri) zimatha kugwira tinthu ta micron-level ndikuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kosazolowereka kwa masilinda, ma pistoni, ndi ma valve plates. Kulowa mpweya woyera ndiye chitsimikizo chachikulu cha moyo wautali komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba a zida.

Zosefera Mafuta: Ndiwoteteza kwambiri makina opaka mafuta. Mu mitundu monga ma compressor opaka mafuta, mafuta opaka mafuta ozungulira ndi omwe amachititsa mafuta, kutseka ndi kuziziritsa. Chosefera Mafuta Ili ngati chotsukira magazi, chomwe chimasefa nthawi zonse ma colloid, carbon deposits, ndi zinyalala zachitsulo zomwe zimagwa kuchokera mu dongosolo chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa mafuta opaka mafuta. Kusunga njira ya mafuta kukhala yoyera komanso yopanda chopinga kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito a makina, moyo wonyamula mafuta, komanso kukhazikika kwa ntchito ya injini yayikulu.

Cholekanitsa Mafutas: Choyeretsera mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri. Mafuta ndi mpweya wopanikizika wosakanikirana ndi kutentha kwambiri umalekanitsidwa bwino pano. Kapangidwe ka fyuluta yozama yopangidwa mwapadera (monga ulusi wagalasi wambiri) kamachotsa kwathunthu madontho amafuta opachikidwa mu mpweya wopanikizika kudzera mu kutsekereza, kufalikira, ndi kuphatikizika, kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mpweya wotuluka kumachepetsedwa kufika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri (mpaka 3ppm kapena kutsika). Izi sizimangoteteza zida zapansi pamadzi ku kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta, komanso zimapereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha mtundu wa mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga chakudya, mankhwala, ndi zamagetsi.

Fyuluta Yozungulira: Yankho lopangidwa mwamakonda kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza mozama. Malinga ndi zofunikira pa ndondomekoyi, fyuluta yolumikizira (yomwe imachotsa madzi amadzimadzi ndi utsi wa mafuta wa micron-level) kapena chowumitsira madzi (imagwiritsa ntchito ma sefa a molecular kuti ichotse nthunzi yamadzi ya gasi) ikhoza kukonzedwa pambuyo pake. Amathetsa mavuto enaake oipitsa mpweya ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wopanikizika ukukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga ISO 8573-1.

2. Kusinthasintha kwa nthawi: kupanga zisankho zasayansi, kukana "kukula kumodzi kukugwirizana ndi zonse"

Chinthu chosefera si "chipangizo chokhazikika", ndipo magwiridwe ake adzachepa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka chitalephera. Nthawi yosinthira iyenera kuweruzidwa mwasayansi kutengera zinthu zingapo zofunika:

Chiyambi: nthawi yogwirira ntchito ndi katundu wokhudzana ndi chilengedwe. Opanga nthawi zambiri amapereka malangizo kutengera momwe zinthu zilili (monga maola 2000 a fyuluta ya mpweya, maola 2000 a fyuluta ya mafuta, maola 4000-8000 a cholekanitsa mafuta). Komabe, mikhalidwe yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito ndiyo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri:

Fyuluta ya mpweya: M'malo okhala ndi fumbi lambiri (malo ogwirira ntchito zamatabwa, mafakitale a simenti, malo omanga) kapena madera omwe mvula yamkuntho imagwa kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa kuyenera kuwonjezeka kwambiri, kapena kufupikitsidwa kufika pa 1/3-1/2 ya nthawi yokhazikika. Mtundu wofiira wa chizindikiro cha kuipitsidwa kwa maso (ngati uli ndi zida) ndi chizindikiro chowonekera bwino.

Zosefera zamafuta: Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, kuyambira ndi kuyimitsa pafupipafupi, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamafuta zomwe si zoyambirira kapena kufulumizitsa kukalamba kwamafuta, katundu wake umawonjezeka ndipo moyo wake umafupikitsidwa. Zotsatira za mayeso amafuta nthawi zonse (kusintha kwa kukhuthala, kuchuluka kwa asidi, kuchuluka kwa chitsulo) ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika.

Zolekanitsa mafuta: Kuphatikiza pa nthawi, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa makina ndi chizindikiro chagolide. Pamene chinthu chosefera chadzaza ndi kutsekeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yosiyana ya cholekanitsa mafuta ndi gasi ikwere kwambiri (kuyandikira kapena kufika pamtengo wa alamu womwe wakhazikitsidwa ndi wopanga, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 0.8-1.0 bar), chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo mosasamala kanthu za nthawi yomwe chagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa katundu wambiri, kusakaniza mafuta kapena chinyezi chambiri kudzathandizanso kuti chilephereke.

Sizinganyalanyazidwe: deta yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito ndi zizindikiro zomvera

Kuyang'anira kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya: Choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya chomwe chimayikidwa fyuluta isanayambe komanso itatha ndiye maziko olunjika komanso olunjika kwambiri osinthira. Kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumasonyeza kuti kukana kwa chinthu cha fyuluta kumawonjezeka, mphamvu zosefera zimachepa ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumawonjezeka.

Ubwino wa mpweya wa terminal: Kupezeka kwa chinyezi ndi mafuta m'zida zotsika (monga mfuti zopopera ndi masilinda), kapena kusakhala ndi mphamvu kwa zida zopopera mpweya komanso kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu kumasonyeza kuti kusefa kusanachitike (makamaka cholekanitsa mafuta ndi fyuluta yolondola) kungalephereke.

Kugwira ntchito kwa zida molakwika: Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa wolandira, kuwonjezeka kwa phokoso, kuchepa kwa utsi wotuluka, ndi zina zotero kungakhale chifukwa cha mafuta ochepa omwe amadza chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chinthu chosefera cha mafuta kapena mpweya wosakwanira womwe umadza chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chinthu chosefera cha mpweya.

Njira yopewera kuwononga: Kukhazikitsa dongosolo lonse lokonza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, kuyang'ana nthawi zonse kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kusanthula mafuta ndi kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili pamalopo kuli bwino kuposa kungoyembekezera kuti zinthu ziwonongeke. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira yanzeru ya zida (ngati ilipo) kungathe kuneneratu molondola kufunikira kosintha.

III. Buku lotsogolera ntchito yosinthira akatswiri: tsatanetsatane umatsimikizira kupambana kapena kulephera

Kugwira ntchito yosinthira zinthu mokhazikika ndiye chinsinsi chotsimikizira kuti kusefa kumagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti chinthu chatsopanocho chikhale ndi moyo nthawi yayitali:

Kukonzekera chitetezo: Imani ndikumasula kuthamanga! Onetsetsani kuti kuthamanga kwa makina kuli zero kotheratu, dulani mphamvu ndi loko. Valani magolovesi oteteza.

Kufananiza kolondola: Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala chitsanzo chomwe chatchulidwa ndi wopanga zida kapena zinthu zovomerezeka zofananira ndi fyuluta yapamwamba. Kusasinthasintha kwa ma specifications kungayambitse kulephera kwa chisindikizo, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa kusefa komanso kuwonongeka kwa zida.

Ntchito yoyeretsa: Musanachotse chinthu chakale chosefera, yeretsani mosamala kunja kwa chipinda chosefera ndi zigawo zolumikizira. Mukasintha chinthu chosefera cha mafuta, mafuta osefera ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo (kuchitidwa motsatira dongosolo lokonza). Mukasintha cholekanitsa mafuta, mafuta atsopano osefera okwanira ayenera kulowetsedwa motsatira malangizo asanayambe koyamba.

Kukhazikitsa kokhazikika: Onetsetsani kuti chisindikizo cha chinthu chatsopano chosefera chili bwino. Mukakhazikitsa, onetsetsani kuti chinthu chosefera ndi mtsempha wotsekera ndi zoyera komanso zopanda zinyalala. Mangani pamanja mpaka pamwamba pake patsekere, kenako mangani 1/2 mpaka 3/4 molingana ndi mphamvu yomwe wopanga adapereka (ngati ilipo) kapena malangizo anthawi zonse. Kulimbitsa kwambiri kumatha kuwononga chisindikizo kapena nyumba.

Konzani ndi kuyang'anira: Konzani nthawi (ngati ilipo) mutasintha. Yambitsani zida, yang'anirani mosamala kusiyana koyambirira kwa kuthamanga kwa chinthu chatsopano cha fyuluta (chomwe chiyenera kukhala chotsika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wake chisanasinthidwe chinthu chakale cha fyuluta), ndikuwona ngati magawo ogwirira ntchito akubwerera mwakale. Lembani tsiku losinthira ndi chitsanzo cha chinthu cha fyuluta.

Dongosolo losefera mpweya ndi lofunika kwambiri poteteza mpweya wopanikizika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida. Kumvetsetsa bwino ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana zosefera (kuletsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuyeretsa mafuta odzola, kulekanitsa bwino mafuta ndi gasi, ndikuchotsa madzi ndi mafuta mozama), komanso kupanga njira zosinthira zinthu mwanzeru kutengera nthawi yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito, kuopsa kwa chilengedwe, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida ndi maziko otsimikizira kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito modalirika, moyenera komanso mopanda ndalama. Kunyalanyaza kukonza "dera laling'ono" ili nthawi zambiri kumawononga ndalama zambiri zokonzera zida, kutayika kosakonzekera kwa nthawi yopuma, kutaya zinthu chifukwa cha mpweya wopanikizika wosakwanira, komanso kuwononga mphamvu zosafunikira. Kuphatikiza kasamalidwe ka zinthu zosefera m'njira zazikulu zosamalira kumatsimikizira kuti mpweya uliwonse wopanikizika ndi woyera komanso wodalirika, ndikuyika mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika popanga.

Mphamvu yowongolera ya makina osefera molondola pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mpweya wopanikizika (kutengera kapangidwe ka chinthu chosefera chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri)