Ntchito ndi Mapulogalamu Ogawa Mafuta

Ntchito ya Zolekanitsa Mafuta

Zipangizo zolekanitsa mafuta ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zilekanitse mafuta, mafuta, ndi ma hydrocarbon ndi madzi. Ntchito imeneyi yomwe imawoneka yosavuta ndi yofunika kwambiri pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, mafuta ndi madzi sizisakanikirana bwino, ndipo zikaphatikizidwa, zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Mafuta omwe ali m'madzi amatha kuwononga chilengedwe kwambiri, kusokoneza zachilengedwe zam'madzi ndikuvulaza zomera, nyama, komanso miyoyo ya anthu. Chifukwa chake, zolekanitsa mafuta zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poteteza chilengedwe poletsa mafuta kulowa m'madzi.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya olekanitsa mafuta imachokera pa kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi madzi. Mafuta ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa madzi, kotero nthawi zambiri amayandama pamwamba akasakanikirana. Olekanitsa mafuta amagwiritsa ntchito mfundoyi kulekanitsa mafuta ndi madzi kudzera m'njira monga kulekanitsa mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu ya centrifugal, coalescence, ndi kusefa. Olekanitsa mphamvu yokoka amalola mafuta kukwera mwachilengedwe pamwamba ndikuchotsedwa, pomwe olekanitsa mphamvu ya centrifugal amagwiritsa ntchito kupota kwachangu kuti alekanitse mafuta. Olekanitsa mafuta ophatikizana amakakamiza madontho a mafuta kuti aphatikizidwe kukhala madontho akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwachotsa. Njira zosefera zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotsekereza tinthu ta mafuta pamene zikulola madzi kudutsa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Olekanitsa Mafuta

Zolekanitsa mafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kuthana ndi madzi otayidwa ndi mafuta komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulekanitsa ma hydrocarbon ndi madzi. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'malo oyeretsera mafuta, mafakitale opanga petrochemical, ndi mafakitale opangira gasi lachilengedwe, komwe madzi otayidwa ndi mafuta ambiri amapangidwa. Mtundu wolekanitsa mafuta/madzi wa American Petroleum Institute (API) ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale awa.

Mu gawo lopanga, zolekanitsa mafuta zimathandiza kuyeretsa choziziritsira kapena madzi otayidwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti ntchito zopangira zigwire bwino ntchito komanso kuonetsetsa kuti madzi otayidwa akutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe asanatulutsidwe. Mwachitsanzo, popanga zitsulo, migodi, kukonza chakudya, kutsuka magalimoto a matanki, kupanga magetsi, ndi kutsuka zida zolemera, zolekanitsa mafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa madzi otayidwa.

Makampani opanga magalimoto amadaliranso zida zolekanitsa mafuta kuti mafuta a injini ndi madzi ena azisiyanitsidwa ndi madzi. Izi zimathandiza kuti makina oziziritsira mpweya m'magalimoto azigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta. Pa ntchito za m'madzi, zida zolekanitsa mafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mafuta asalowe m'madzi, kuteteza zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zachilengedwe.

Makampani opanga chakudya amagwiritsa ntchito zida zolekanitsa mafuta poyeretsa madzi otayidwa okhala ndi mafuta ophikira ndi mafuta. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zikwaniritse miyezo yoteteza chilengedwe komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwa njira zoyeretsera madzi otayidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zolekanitsa mafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oyeretsera madzi otayidwa kuti achotse mafuta ndi mafuta m'madzi asanayambe kutsukidwa.

Pomaliza, zinthu zolekanitsa mafuta zimathandiza kwambiri kuteteza chilengedwe ndikuonetsetsa kuti mafakitale osiyanasiyana akugwira ntchito bwino. Mwa kulekanitsa mafuta ndi madzi, zimathandiza kupewa kuipitsa, kukwaniritsa miyezo yovomerezeka, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zokhudzana ndi kuyeretsa ndi kutaya madzi otayidwa.

Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zawo komanso njira zothandiza zolekanitsira mafuta, zolekanitsa mafuta ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito zamakono zamafakitale.